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Why We Get Fat And What to Do About It - PDF eBook Free Download
AUTHOR’S NOTE
This book has been in the works for more than a decade. It began with a series of investigative articles that I wrote for the journal Science and then the New York Times Magazine on the surprisingly dismal state of nutrition and chronic-disease research. It is an extension and distillation of the five years of further research that became my previous book, Good Calories,Bad Calories (2007). Its arguments were honed in lectures at medical schools, universities, and research institutions throughout the United States and Canada.Why Were They Fat?
Imagine you’re serving on a jury. The defendant is accused of some heinous crime. The prosecuting attorney has evidence that he says implicates the defendant beyond reasonable doubt. He says the evidence is as clear as day and that you must vote to convict. This criminal must be put beyond bars, you’re told, because he’s a threat to society.The defense attorney is arguing just as vehemently that the evidence is not so clear-cut. The defendant has an alibi, albeit not one that’s airtight. There are fingerprints at the crime scene that don’t match the defendant’s. He suggests the police may have mishandled the forensic evidence (the DNA and hair samples). The defense argues that the case is not nearly as definitive as the prosecutor has led you to believe. If you have reasonable doubt, as you should, you must acquit, he says. If you put an innocent man behind bars, you’re told, not only do you do that person an incalculable injustice, but you leave the guilty party free to strike again.
A Primer on the Regulation of Fat
It’s time to roll up our sleeves and get to work. What we need to know is what biological factors regulate the amount of fat in our fat tissue. And, specifically, how this is affected by our diets, so we can know what we’re doing wrong and how to change it. Another way to say this is that we need to know what determines nature—why we might be predisposed to get fat or stay lean—and what elements of nurture, of diet and lifestyle, can be altered to affect thispredisposition or combat it.I’m going to be discussing some basic biology and endocrinology, subjects you may understandably find slow going. All I can promise is that if you pay attention you’ll know virtually everything you need to know about why people get fat and what has to be done to combat it.
Why Diets Succeed and Fail
The simple answer to the question of why we get fat is that carbohydrates make us so; protein and fat do not. But if this is the case, why do we all know people who have gone on low-fat diets and lost weight? Low-fat diets, after all, are relatively high in carbohydrates, so shouldn’t these fail for all the people who try them?Most of us know people who say they lost significant weight after joining Weight Watchers or Jenny Craig, after reading Skinny Bitch or French Women Don’t Get Fat, or following the very low-fat diet prescribed by Dean Ornish in Eat More, Weigh Less. When researchers test the effectiveness of diets in clinical trials, like the Stanford University A TO Z Trial that I’ll discuss shortly, they’ll invariably find that a few subjects do indeed lose considerable weight following low-fat diets.Doesn’t this mean that some of us get fat because we eat carbohydrates and get lean again when we don’t, but for others, avoiding fat is the answer?The simple answer is probably not. The more likely explanation is that any diet thatsucceeds does so because the dieter restricts fattening carbohydrates, whether by explicit instruction or not. To put it simply, those who lose fat on a diet do so because of what they are not eating—the fattening carbohydrates—not because of what they are eating.
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